Summary Reader Response Draft 2

The web page “How an accidental discovery made this year could change the world” from BIGTHINK (Lockett, 2022) explores how lithium-ion batteries are inferior to lithium-sulfur batteries. Lithium-ion is used to store charge and power most electrical devices. However it was reported that lithium-ion harmful to the vast ecosystems, have lifecycle problems from recurrent charging, battery degradation, are not suitable for lightweight applications and volatile inspired Drexel scientists to look into lithium-sulfur batteries (Lockett, 2022).The lithium-sulfur battery eliminates the above issues, but the trade-off is half the charging cycle of lithium-ion batteries. BIGTHINK reports in comparison to ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries will last twice as long, have three times more energy, charges equally fast, reduce battery expansion, better safety margins, and are cheaper (Lockett, 2022). Lithium-sulfur batteries potentially allow a huge range of activities to go full electric like short-haul flights, cargo vessels, and passenger ferries. This results in weight-saving, longevity, and competitive prices to achieve low-carbon goals (Lockett, 2022). 

The advantages of the lithium-sulfur batteries, results in lithium-sulfur batteries being more capable, cost effective and safer option for the application of use in transportation as compared to lithium-ion batteries  

Firstly, lithium-sulfur batteries are more capable in terms of battery storage as compared to lithium-ion. The lithium-sulfur battery has a specific energy capacity of 1,220 mAh/g compared to 140 mAh/g for lithium-ion batteries (“Singapore Scientists Simplify”, 2019). A potential application that can demonstrate the superiority of lithium-sulfur batteries against lithium-ion batteries will be on electric vehicles. As of 2021, the range of electric-powered vehicles powered by lithium-ion batteries covers approximately 243 miles while the use of lithium-sulfur enables the electric vehicle to travel up to 1000 miles (Fearon,2022). This will be an improvement in efficiency generally across all modes of transportation. For example, cars and other modes of transportation will be able to travel a longer distance without having to stop for a recharge. This will allow passengers, operators, and drivers to travel for a longer distance without having to worry about where they will have to stop next for a recharge.

Secondly, lithium-ion batteries are more expensive as compared to lithium-sulfur batteries as they are highly sought after and use rare raw materials such as cobalt (“Lithium-ion Battery”, 2022). The use these materials is one of the main reasons that drive an increase in the price of lithium-ion batteries (Stoikou, 2022). The reason why electric vehicles are generating a lower adoption rate than gas-burning vehicles is because lithium-ion batteries are more expensive (Baker,2022). According to U.S News, the average price of an electric vehicle was about $18,000 more than the average price of a gas vehicle in July 2022 (Threewitt,2022). A Reuters article has also shared that electric vehicles equipped with lithium-sulfur batteries can be up to two-thirds cheaper than the current lithium-ion battery. This can allow cost savings for the end consumer when it comes to the cost of an electric vehicles, which can encourage the shift from gas vehicles to electric vehicles.

Thirdly, lithium-sulfur batteries are safer compared to lithium-ion batteries. Lithium-sulfur does not require a conversion reaction that forms charge and discharge and therefore, this can reduce the risk of catastrophic failure. Lithium-sulfur batteries can also lower the risk of thermal runaway compared to lithium-ion. Adding on, a protective solid-state layer at the anode reduces the occurrence of short circuits (Gould, 2020). As of today, the lithium-sulfur battery has passed the following safety tests: altitude, thermal, vibrations, shocks, external short circuits, crush, and forced discharge (“NexTech Batteries Earn”, 2022). This can ensure that the transportation vehicle is safe for commercial use and can prevent catastrophic accidents caused by vehicle malfunction. 

 

Some opponents of leveraging lithium-sulfur batteries over lithium ion batteries might argue that the con of utilising lithium-sulfur battery is that it is very poor in handling a large amount of charging cycles as compared to a lithium-ion battery. This is due to the charging process of lithium-sulfur batteries that results in an accumulation of chemical deposits known as dendrites which affect the ability to operate at peak efficiency (Osmanbasic, 2023). However, according to an article by Modern Sciences (Gamma Sulfur, 2022), researchers at Drexel University found a rare form of sulfur known as gamma sulfur which can remain stable over four thousand charge and discharge cycles. Therefore, this slows down the battery degradation and this development will lead to the more sustainable and affordable battery technology. However, researchers will require more time to better understand this finding.   

In conclusion, the use of lithium-sulfur batteries offers numerous benefits compared to lithium-ion batteries such as lower cost, improved efficiency, and safety. While there are a few challenges to still overcome, such as the battery’s ability to handle a large number of charging cycles, which is something that the researchers are still looking into. The future of using the lithium-sulfur battery is potentially promising for the use of different transportation modes.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


References :

Lockett, W. (2022, June 8). How an accidental discovery made this year could change the world. Big Think. https://bigthink.com/the-future/lithium-sulfur-batteries/?utm_medium=Social

Singapore Scientists Simplify Lithium-Sulfur Battery Production to Meet Future Energy Storage Needs. A*STAR HQ Corporate Website. https://www.a-star.edu.sg/News/a-star-news/news/press-releases/singapore-scientists-simplify-lithium-sulfur-battery-production-to-meet-future-energy-storage-needs

U Mich team develops 1,000-cycle lithium-sulfur battery. Green Car Congress.     

Robin Fearon. (2022, May 17). How Lithium Batteries Will Improve EV Range and Rapid Charging. Discovery. https://www.discovery.com/motor/lithium-battery

 

Lithium-ion Battery Pack Prices Rise for First Time to an Average of $151/kWh. (2022, December 6). BloombergNEF. https://about.bnef.com/blog/lithium-ion-battery-pack-prices-rise-for-first-time-to-an-average-of-151-kwh/

 

Cherise Threewitt. (2022, December 7). Why Are Electric Cars So Expensive? U.S.NEWS. https://cars.usnews.com/cars-trucks/advice/why-are-electric-cars-so-expensive

 

Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: Advantages. (2020, July 22). The Faraday Institution. https://www.faraday.ac.uk/lis-advantages/

 

NexTech Batteries Earns Milestone UN/DOT Safety Certification, Advancing Patented Lithium-Sulfur Technology Towards Commercialization. (2022, September 22). https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/nextech-batteries-earns-milestone-undot-safety-certification-advancing-patented-lithium-sulfur-technology-towards-commercialization-301630369.html

 

“Gamma Sulfur” May Hold the Key to Future Lithium-Sulfur Batteries - Modern Sciences. (2022, March 9). Modern Sciences. https://modernsciences.org/gamma-sulfur-may-hold-the-key-to-future-lithium-sulfur-batteries/


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